490例老年人群认知健康常模调查数据集（2023）

基本认知能力（primary cognitive ability）是构成人的认知能力的各种基本因素，是人脑高级智能活动的基础，具体包括加工速度、工作记忆、情节记忆、视觉空间和言语等方面的能力。
1）加工速度：体现大脑神经网络的传导速度和运行效能，是反映智力的一般性因素（Jensen, 1993; Reed & Jensen, 1992）。
2）工作记忆：对信息进行加工的同时，在头脑中积极保持相关信息的系统。研究者通常把工作记忆比作一个工作平台，个体认知活动所需要的相关材料必须放在这个平台上，对各种信息的组织和加工也需要利用这个平台才能实现。
3）情景记忆：属于长时记忆（long-term memory），负责接收和存储关于个体在特定时间内经历的情景或事件，以及与之相联系的各种时空关系信息。
4）视觉空间：视觉空间能力是对视觉、空间信息进行感知、表征和操作的能力，进一步还可区分为视觉化（visualization）、空间关系（spatial relation）和空间定向等三种能力。
5）言语理解：是理解并有效地运用语言文字进行思想交流和信息沟通的能力，具体包括概念的形成和同化，以及与言语相关的抽象思维、分析、概括能力等内容。

本数据集来源于2023年3月至4月开展的对全国社区老年人进行的认知健康调查。这项调查由经过培训的主试人员在全国15个省或直辖市的合作单位，通过计算机软件对老年人测试了一系列关于认知健康的测验任务。在参与调查之前，课题组获得了受访者口头上的知情同意。调查总共收集了490例数据。

Primary cognitive ability refers to the fundamental factors that constitute human cognitive capacity, serving as the foundation for advanced intelligent activities of the human brain. It specifically includes abilities such as processing speed, working memory, episodic memory, visuospatial ability, and verbal comprehension.
1) Processing Speed: It reflects the conduction velocity and operational efficiency of the brain's neural networks, and is a general factor reflecting intelligence (Jensen, 1993; Reed & Jensen, 1992).
2) Working Memory: It is a system that actively maintains relevant information in the mind while processing new information. Researchers often compare working memory to a workbench, where relevant materials required for individual cognitive activities must be placed, and the organization and processing of various information can only be achieved using this platform.
3) Episodic Memory: As a subtype of long-term memory, it is responsible for receiving and storing information about the scenarios or events experienced by an individual at a specific time, as well as various associated spatiotemporal relationship information.
4) Visuospatial Ability: It refers to the ability to perceive, represent, and operate visual and spatial information, and can be further divided into three subtypes: visualization, spatial relation, and spatial orientation.
5) Verbal Comprehension: It refers to the ability to understand and effectively use language and writing for ideological exchange and information communication, specifically including the formation and assimilation of concepts, as well as abstract thinking, analysis, and generalization abilities related to language.

This dataset is derived from a cognitive health survey conducted among community-dwelling older adults across China between March and April 2023. Trained test administrators administered a series of cognitive health assessment tasks via computer software at cooperative institutions across 15 provinces and centrally governed municipalities in China. Prior to participating in the survey, all respondents provided verbal informed consent. A total of 490 valid datasets were collected in this survey.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集为2023年3月至4月在中国15个省或直辖市开展的老年人群认知健康常模调查数据，共包含490例样本，通过计算机软件测试了基本认知能力的五个维度（加工速度、工作记忆、情节记忆、视觉空间和言语理解）。数据以SPSS格式存储，适用于老年认知健康研究，并提供规范的引用方式。