IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF AUTONOMOUS HEATING SYSTEMS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS THROUGH RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION

The building sector is one of the largest energy consumers worldwide, accounting for about 30% of global final energy use and 26% of energy-related carbon emissions. In Uzbekistan, residential buildings consume approximately 40–50% of total final energy, with heating representing the dominant share of demand. This paper analyzes modern approaches to improving the energy efficiency of residential heating systems through the integration of renewable energy technologies, including solar collectors, photovoltaic systems, heat pumps, and hybrid energy systems. Based on international and regional studies, it is shown that hybrid heating solutions can cover up to 50–70% of heating demand, reduce conventional fuel consumption by 3–12 tons per year, and significantly lower CO₂ emissions. The study highlights the importance of climate-specific optimization and demonstrates the technical and economic feasibility of autonomous renewable-based heating systems for residential buildings.