Induced flow cools hovering bumble bees

Understanding how flying insects manage heat exchange is critical for predicting their survival in dynamic thermal environments. To fly, insects propel air downwards to offset body weight, inducing airflow over their bodies. Remarkably, the potential cooling effect of this self-generated airflow is largely unstudied. We measured induced airflow and wingbeat kinematics for hovering bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) across a range of body sizes and then measured the cooling effect of flows of the same magnitude in a vertical wind tunnel. We combined these data in heat balance models to predict transient and equilibrium body temperatures of hovering bumble bees with and without self-generated wind. Measured self-induced airflow was substantial (up to 1 m s-1), and varied with body size and wingbeat kinematics, contributing significantly to thermal stability. Without this self-induced airflow, bees of all sizes rapidly overheated across a range of environmental conditions, highlighting the imp..., , # Data from: Induced flow cools hovering bumble bees
Glass, Petranek, Dillon

## Data files:

### anemHSVfinal.csv
readings from hot wire anemometer and associated high-speed video data

* date: experiment date
* video.top: name of high-speed video recorded from above used for kinematic analyses
* timecode: timepoint in the video used for kinematic analyses
* anem.csv: name of the anemometer csv file
* mass.g: bee mass in grams, measured immediately after a flight recording
* max.anem: maximum anemometer reading (0-1024 for Arduino DAC) during the flight sequence
* wbf: wingbeat frequency measured from high-speed video
* str.amp.L: stroke amplitude of left wing
* str.amp.R: stroke amplitude of right wing
* tc.s: time constant for anemometer
* bee.color: marked color of bee (to keep track of multiple flights)
* sus: whether flight was \"sus\"tained (stable, minimal pitch, yaw, rotation): yes, no, maybe
* bee.id: unique number of the measured bee
* slide.id: identity of the gl...,