Percentages and risk estimations of low self-efficacy^a by parental migration among girls.

Variables adjusted included school, grade, ethnicity, perceived living standard (as a surrogate of family income) and gender and education of the guardian in the multivariate models. aSelf-efficacy was measured by the smoking self-efficacy questionnaire (SEQ-12), participants with scores below than the 25th percentile of all were defined as low self-efficacy. bRisks were estimated among all girls. cRisks were estimated among girls with paternal or maternal migration only.