Homo sapiens Transcriptome or Gene expression

Microorganism metabolites produced by the skin microbiota can greatly influence skin health by affecting factors such as inflammation, barrier function, and microbial balance. Among them, spermidine and orotic acid secreted by Streptococcus and Epidermidibacterium keratini, respectively, contribute to restoring skin structure and barrier function through the upregulation of collagen and lipid synthesis in aging cells. Incorporating microbial-derived substances emphasizes the role of the skin microbiome in maintaining skin health and preventing age-related changes. To explore the anti-aging effects of orotic acid and spermidine treatment on UV-irradiated fibroblasts, we compare the gene expressions of UV-irradiated fibroblasts treated with orotic acid with spermidine using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. We first identified dramatic transcriptional changes in UV-irradiated dermal fibroblast cells treated with orotic acid and spermidine, respectively. Results showed that spermidine down-regulated genes associated with UV-induced damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and up-regulated genes involved in collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell rejuvenation. Spermidine also has a positive effect on genes involved in skin barrier function, immune regulation, and DNA repair pathways. In particular, we found increased expression of genes in the collagen families and laminin gene, which are markers for skin formation and maintenance, indicating that these substances impact the regulation of the skin environment. Understanding the effectiveness of microbial-derived biosynthetic substances provides valuable insights for targeted therapeutic strategies against UV-induced skin damage and overall skin aging. Further research is needed to optimize microbial-derived substance efficacy validation protocols and to fully explore the potential of these substances for skin anti-aging.