An Efficient One-Step Reaction for the Preparation of Advanced Fused Bistetrazole-Based Primary Explosives

The first example of [5,6,5]-tricyclic bistetrazole-fused
energetic
materials has been obtained through a one-step reaction from commercial
and inexpensive 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine. This one-step reaction
including nucleophilic substitution, nucleophilic addition, cyclization,
and electron transfer is rarely reported, and the reaction mechanism
and scope is well investigated. Among target compounds, organic salts
exhibit higher detonation velocities (D: 8898–9077
m s–1) and lower sensitivities (IS: 16–20
J) than traditional high energy explosive RDX (D =
8795 m s–1; IS = 7.5 J). In addition, the potassium
salt of 5-azido-10-nitro-bis­(tetrazolo)­[1,5-c:5′,1′-f]­pyrimidin
(DTAT-K) possesses excellent priming ability, comparable
to traditional primary explosive Pb­(N3)2, and
ultralow minimum primary charge (MPC = 10 mg), which is the lowest
MPC among the reported potassium-based primary explosives. The simple
synthesis route, free of heavy metal and expensive raw materials,
makes it promising to quickly realize this material in large-scale
industrial production as a green primary explosive. This work accelerates
the upgrade of green primary explosives and enriches future prospects
for the design of energetic materials.