CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN "BYGONE DAYS": STRATEGIES OF DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION

This article looks at how culture-specific items — words tied to Uzbek customs, clothing, food, titles, and social life — are handled in the English translation of Abdulla Qodiriy’s novel “Bygone Days” (O‘tkan kunlar). The study compares moments where the translator brings the text closer to the English reader (domestication) with moments where the original Uzbek flavor is kept (foreignization). Using examples from the novel and its translation, the article shows that translators tend to keep proper names and well-known cultural terms as they are, while explaining or replacing less familiar ones. The findings are useful for translators, students, and researchers working with Uzbek literature and cross-cultural communication.