Data from: The evolution of marine larval dispersal kernels in spatially structured habitats: analytical models, individual-based simulations, and comparisons with empirical estimates

Understanding the causes of larval dispersal is a major goal of marine
ecology, yet most research focuses on proximate causes. Here, we ask how
ultimate, evolutionary causes affect dispersal. Building on Hamilton and
May's 1977 classic paper (``Dispersal in stable habitats"), we
develop analytic and simulation models for the evolution of dispersal
kernels in spatially structured habitats. First, we investigate dispersal
in a world without edges and find that most offspring disperse as far as
possible, opposite the pattern of empirical data. Adding edges to our
model world leads to nearly all offspring dispersing short distances,
again a mismatch with empirical data. Adding resource heterogeneity
improves our results: most offspring disperse short distances with some
dispersing longer distances. Finally, we simulate dispersal evolution in a
real seascape in Belize and find that the simulated dispersal kernel and
an empirical dispersal kernel from that seascape both have the same shape,
with a high level of short-distance dispersal and a low level of
long-distance dispersal. The novel contribution of this work is to provide
a spatially explicit analytic extension of Hamilton and May 1977, to
demonstrate that our spatially explicit simulations and analytic models
provide equivalent results, and to use simulation approaches to
investigate the evolution of dispersal kernel shape in spatially complex
habitats. Our model could be modified in various ways to investigate
dispersal evolution in other species and seascapes, providing new insights
into patterns of marine larval dispersal.