Dataset on Real-Time IoT-Based Fertigation, Irrigation, and Hydroponics Smart Agriculture System for Precision Farming Applications Using STM32F401RE Microcontroller Architecture

The dataset for the real-time IoT-based fertigation, irrigation, and hydroponics smart agriculture system was collected through an experimental smart farming platform developed using the STM32F401RE microcontroller as the central processing and control unit. The system integrated multiple environmental and nutrient monitoring sensors, including a 7-in-1 RS485 soil sensor, pH sensor, electrical conductivity (EC) sensor, DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, ultrasonic water level sensor, and flow monitoring units. These sensors were installed across both hydroponic and soil-based cultivation sections to continuously monitor critical agricultural parameters such as soil temperature, soil moisture, ambient humidity, pH, EC, nutrient concentration, and water levels. Sensor readings were acquired at predefined intervals and processed in real time by the STM32F401RE microcontroller using embedded control algorithms developed in the STM32CubeIDE environment. The acquired data were displayed locally through an LCD/OLED interface and simultaneously transmitted to an IoT cloud platform through an ESP8266 Wi-Fi communication module for remote monitoring and storage.