Complete Streets State Statutes and Provisions, January 1972 - December 2018

Across the U.S., states have adopted Complete Streets legislative statutes: state laws that direct transportation agencies to routinely design and operate roadways to provide safe access for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists, and public transit users. State Complete Streets statutes were identified using legal research databases. Using established legal mapping methods, a qualitative content analysis was conducted of state laws made effective through December 2018. A codebook and open-source data set were developed to support the public use of the data.

A systematic qualitative analysis was conducted of Complete Streets legislative statutes made effective between January 1972 and December 2018. LexisNexis Academic and Fastcase legal research databases were used to search for and obtain full statute texts across all 50 states and Washington, DC. The search terms that were used included: “complete streets,” “pedestrian facilities,” “pedestrian accommodation,” “pedestrian and bicycle,” “pedestrian or bicycle,” “road construction,” and “routine accommodation.” To validate and inform the search results, comparisons were made between the laws obtained through the two databases and a publicly available list of known state Complete Streets statutes that have been documented by the AARP and the National Complete Streets Coalition. In cases where only a citation or act number was available in either database, websites of state legislatures were visited to obtain the full statute texts.

A list of variables were developed and defined to systematically code the statute texts. Variables were informed by the text of the laws themselves, as well as policy elements developed by the National Complete Streets Coalition to describe a comprehensive Complete Streets policy. To ensure familiarity with legal terminology, two law students coded each of the statutes. An initial list of variables and definitions was reviewed and refined by the coders and supervising researcher through an iterative process. Laws were coded for a total of 35 variables within 16 discrete categories, including road user types, roadway development and maintenance activities referenced, and provisions related to design standards, exceptions, and funding allocations.

Each student coded the laws for all variables separately, blinded to the other’s results. To calculate interrater reliability, half of the coded statutes were randomly selected using the random number generator in Excel. Interrater agreement was calculated to be very high at 0.92, indicating strong interrater reliability. Divergences were reviewed by the supervising researcher and both coders and were ultimately resolved within the data set. The full data set, codebook, and decision rules are available here.

在美国各地，各州均已采纳了全面街道立法条例：这些州法律指导交通机构常规设计和管理道路，以确保为所有使用者提供安全的通行便利，包括行人、自行车骑手、驾驶者以及公共交通使用者。通过法律研究数据库识别了各州的全面街道立法条例。运用既定的法律制图方法，对至2018年12月生效的各州法律进行了定性内容分析。开发了一套编码手册和开源数据集，以支持公众对数据的利用。对1972年1月至2018年12月间生效的全面街道立法条例进行了系统的定性分析。LexisNexis Academic和Fastcase法律研究数据库被用于搜索并获取全美50个州以及哥伦比亚特区的完整法规文本。使用的搜索关键词包括：“全面街道”、“行人设施”、“行人便利设施”、“行人及自行车”、“行人或自行车”、“道路建设”和“常规便利设施”。为验证并完善搜索结果，将两个数据库中获取的法律与公开可用的、由美国退休人员协会（AARP）和国家全面街道联盟（National Complete Streets Coalition）记录的已知各州全面街道法规清单进行了比较。在任一数据库中仅提供引用或法案编号的情况下，访问了各州立法机构网站以获取完整的法规文本。