Differential thermal resistance of Andisols and Inceptisols under fire heating: the role of short-range-order minerals

This dataset contains experimental and derived variables from a single-pulse heating test (20 min) applied to two temperate forest soils from southern Chile: a volcanic Andisol and a granodioritic Inceptisol. Each soil includes a control at 25 °C and three temperature plateaus (300, 600, 900 °C) with n = 4 replicates per combination (total 32 observations). Data are provided in wide format with a companion README.

Variables (columns)
• Identifiers: Soil (Andisol/Inceptisol), Temperature_C (25/300/600/900), Replicate (1–4).
• Residuals (% of the soil-specific control, 25 °C): SOC_resid_pct, N_resid_pct.
• Absolute contents (g kg⁻¹): SOC_abs_gkg, N_abs_gkg (computed from baseline × residual).
• Chemistry: pH (H₂O 1:2.5), ECEC_umolc_g (NH₄OAc 1 M pH 7 + KCl 1 M).
• Selective dissolutions (% of control): Feo_pct_control, Alo_pct_control, Alp_pct_control (oxalate and pyrophosphate pools); Fed_pct_control (dithionite–citrate); Sio_pct_control, Sid_pct_control; Mno_pct_control, Mnd_pct_control, Mnp_pct_control.
• Derived indices: Allophane_proxy = (Alo − Alp)/Sio (dimensionless using % units), Mn_oxidation_index = Mnd/(Mno + Mnp).
• XRD (relative indices): XRD_Allo_index (allophane halo, 0–1), XRD_HM_index (hematite/magnetite, 0–1).
• DLS (dispersion): Zavg_um (Z-average, µm), PdI (0–1).
• TGA/DSC–MS: mass_resid_pct (residual mass %), Volatile_class (CO₂/N₂O at 300 °C; aromatics or carboxyl/amide at 600–900 °C).

Methods (overview)
Static furnace heating (20 min) at 300–900 °C; dry combustion for C and N; pH and ECEC by standard procedures; selective extractions (oxalate, pyrophosphate, dithionite–citrate) quantified by AAS; powder XRD (2–60° 2θ, 0.01°) with relative indices; DLS on <53 µm fraction (0.01 M NaCl, 25 °C, backscatter 173°); STA-TGA/DSC (25–900 °C, 10 °C min⁻¹, dry air 40 mL min⁻¹) coupled to GC–MS for volatile classes.

Authorship (CRediT, brief)
Conceptualization/Supervision: C. Merino, F. Matus. Investigation/Data curation: K. Erazo, N. Zumelzu, I. Jofré. Methodology/Resources: F. Nájera, F. Aburto, P. Durán, J. Dörner. Formal analysis/Visualization: C. Merino, K. Erazo, M. A. Dippold. Writing: all authors.