Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Translational Profiling of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation to Definitive Endoderm and Pancreatic Progenitors via RNA-seq and Ribo-seq

This study presents a detailed transcriptomic and translational analysis of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as they differentiate into definitive endoderm (DE) and pancreatic progenitor stages (PP1 and PP2). We employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to capture the transcriptional landscape and ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) to assess translational regulation throughout the differentiation process. Overall design: hESCs were differentiated into definitive endoderm (DE), followed by two stages of pancreatic progenitors (PP1 and PP2). RNA-seq and Ribo-seq were performed at each differentiation stage to assess both transcriptome-wide mRNA expression and ribosome occupancy, respectively.