Cytokine productions in SG local and systemic immune system from St⁺ and St^- mice (pg/ml).

Mast cell proteinase-1(MCP-1), MCP-5, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), regulated upon activation, normal T Cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, IL-23, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured using a multiplex sandwich-ELISA assay (Aushon Biosystem Billerica, MA, USA). N/A: not able to detect. LDL: Lowest detectable level. ↑: Production of cytokines (mean) in St− group is ≥50% higher than the St+ group. ↓: Production of cytokines (mean) in St− group is ≤50% higher than the St+ group. Unpaired student’s two-tailed t-test was used for statistical analysis. *P<0.05, **P<0.001, ***P<0.0001.