Microarray analysis of gene expression in rice lacking cytosolic glutamine synthetase 1;1 and 1;2 grown under the ammonium sufficient condition

Nitrogen (N) is a critical limiting element in the provision of important components, e.g., chlorophylls, to plants. Organic N synthesized by glutamine synthetase (GS) may help regulate metabolic networks for plant growth and development. However, how multiple isoforms of cytosolic GSs act for metabolic regulation remain unclear. Using the knockout mutants, Osgs1;1 and Osgs1;2, we compared the effects of two cytosolic GSs on metabolism and cell differentiation in rice roots using reverse genetic-, metabolite- and transcript profiling- and microscopic analyzes together with integrated metabolite-transcript network analysis. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression in rice Osgs1;1 and Osgs1;2 roots. Seventeen root samples were analyzed; three biological replicates were used for each tissue except for NC2373 homozygote (n = 2).