典型退化湿地功能恢复与评价技术体系

典型退化湿地功能恢复与评价技术体系属于环境修复工程、环境保护工程、恢复生态学等学科相交叉的技术领域。针对中国典型城市、滨海及湖泊湿地普遍面临的环境污染、生境退化和景观恶化等生态和环境问题，选择北京城市退化湿地和江苏省滨海及湖泊湿地区域，建立基于湿地信息提取、污染净化、生境恢复、景观构建、价值评估、监测及平台建设的不同类型退化湿地功能恢复、评价和监测技术体系。 本技术体系创新性地研发了集信息提取、退化评估、驱动力分析及功能定位分区于一体的湿地资源评价及驱动力分析技术 典型城市和湖泊退化湿地多介质、多类型功能植物组合的高效污染处理湿地构建和基于特种食物链的控制水体富营养化修复技术 着眼于完整生物链修复的“水文-生物-地形”综合构建的湿地水鸟生境恢复技术 面向“滨水-岸带-浅滩-浅水域-深水区”完整植被带的集成“穴植-带植-面植”湿地植物种植技术 基于“水体景观-植被景观-人文景观”构建并结合湿地评估的湿地景观恢复技术 城市湿地公园评估与湿地价值建模和系统平台开发技术。 本技术体系中的污染处理湿地构建技术和湿地生境恢复技术解决了湿地保护与恢复工程中遇到的关键技术问题，该成果在技术集成上具有明显创新，应用效果显著，总体上达到国内领先水平，技术集成上具有国际先进水平。 依托本技术体系申请专利8项（已公示2项），颁布国家林业行业标准2项，编制地方行业标准4项，发布地方行业指导书2项，编制地方专项发展规划2项，计算机成果著作2套，集成软件成果2套，发表专业论文45余篇，鉴定成果3项，获得奖励3项，技术示范应用于北京海淀、延庆、顺义和怀柔等4个区县及江苏省大丰市和无锡市太湖流域，示范面积约286.37hm2，推广应用在北京15个区县和江苏大丰市，推广应用面积约362.2hm2。

The Technical System for Functional Restoration and Evaluation of Typical Degraded Wetlands falls into an interdisciplinary technical field covering environmental restoration engineering, environmental protection engineering, and restoration ecology. Aiming at the ecological and environmental issues such as environmental pollution, habitat degradation and landscape deterioration commonly faced by typical urban, coastal and lacustrine wetlands in China, this study selected degraded urban wetlands in Beijing and coastal/lacustrine wetland areas in Jiangsu Province as research objects, and established a technical system for functional restoration, evaluation and monitoring of different types of degraded wetlands based on wetland information extraction, pollution purification, habitat restoration, landscape construction, value assessment, monitoring and platform construction.

This technical system has innovatively developed a series of core technologies: 1) wetland resource evaluation and driving force analysis technology integrating information extraction, degradation assessment, driving force analysis and functional zoning; 2) efficient constructed wetland technology for pollution treatment combining multi-media and multi-type functional plant combinations in degraded urban and lacustrine wetlands, and eutrophication control and restoration technology for water bodies based on special food chains; 3) wetland waterbird habitat restoration technology with integrated "hydrology-biology-topography" construction focusing on complete food chain restoration; 4) wetland plant planting technology integrating "hole-planting, strip-planting and surface-planting" for complete vegetation zones along the "waterfront-bank zone-shoal-shallow water-deep water" gradient; 5) wetland landscape restoration technology based on the construction of "water landscape-vegetation landscape-humanistic landscape" combined with wetland assessment; 6) urban wetland park evaluation, wetland value modeling and system platform development technology.

The constructed wetland pollution treatment technology and wetland habitat restoration technology in this technical system have solved the key technical problems encountered in wetland conservation and restoration projects. This achievement has obvious innovations in technical integration, with significant application effects, reaching the domestic leading level overall and the international advanced level in terms of technical integration.

Based on this technical system, 8 patent applications have been filed (2 have been publicized), 2 national forestry industry standards have been promulgated, 4 local industry standards have been compiled, 2 local industry guidance documents have been released, 2 local special development plans have been compiled, 2 sets of computer software copyright achievements and 2 sets of integrated software achievements have been obtained, more than 45 academic papers have been published, 3 achievement appraisal results have been completed, and 3 awards have been received. The technical demonstration has been applied in 4 districts and counties of Haidian, Yanqing, Shunyi and Huairou in Beijing, as well as Dafeng City and Taihu Lake Basin of Wuxi in Jiangsu Province, with a demonstration area of about 286.37 hm². The popularization and application has been carried out in 15 districts and counties of Beijing and Dafeng City of Jiangsu, with a popularization area of about 362.2 hm².

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了'典型退化湿地功能恢复与评价技术体系'，这是一个针对中国城市、滨海及湖泊退化湿地生态问题的综合技术解决方案。它创新性地集成了湿地信息提取、污染处理、生境恢复和景观构建等多技术，并已在实践中应用，示范面积约286.37公顷，推广应用面积约362.2公顷，体现了国内领先和国际先进水平。