Glucose inhibits cardiac maturation through nucleotide biosynthesis

In summary, we discovered (1) that glucose dose-dependently inhibits cardiac maturation in vitro and in vivo, (2) that the maturation-inhibitory effect is dependent on nucleotide biosynthesis via the PPP, (3) that the developing heart accomplishes glucose deprivation condition by limiting the glucose uptake at late gestational stages during normal embryogenesis, and (4) that perturbation of the glucose deprivation in gestational diabetes affects natural cardiomyocyte maturation and potentially contributes to congenital heart disease. Overall design: Three different samples, three replicates each