* Primers for β-actin were used for both non-quantitative and real-time PCR. (A) Non-quantitative PCR: the first step of the PCR reaction was at 94°C for 5 min to activate the polymerase, followed by
Summary of polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) conditions for the eight microsatellite loci used to examine 12 Malacosoma californicum pluviale families. [MgCl2], magnesium chloride concentr
