Major forest types in Liaoning province and forest type groups in this study.

1: Sum of plots established in this study for field data collection and plots described in published studies2: Plots established in this study for field data collection3: This species was singled out in the latest forest inventory (FDL, 2013), accounting for 5.44% and 1.54% of provincial forest area and growing stock, respectively.4: These include Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Betula platyphylla, Betula costata, Ulmus pumila, Acer mono and other hardwood tree species dominant in the forest types listed in national forest inventories.