Parasite and pathogen loads of bees from colonies considered to normal (control) or affected by CCD (Nt).

*Where no statistic is presented, Fisher's exact test was used as some cells had fewer than 5 responses.**% of colonies infected with organism.†Load = mean abundance (number of varroa mites per bee) in colonies.‡Load = the percentage of bees infested with HBTM per colonies.♠Load = mean abundance (number of spores per bee (×106)) in colonies.All pathogen loads are scaled relative to the geometric mean of honey bee housekeeping genes RPS5, MGsT, and actin [37].