Original data in "Stabilization of Fast Pyrolysis Liquids from Biomass by Mild Catalytic Hydrotreatment: Model Compound Study"
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Figure 1 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (left) and pore distribution (right) curves of SiO2 and Ni/SiO2 Figure 2 TPR profile of catalyst after calcination and the peak split results. Figure 3 XRD patterns of calcinated and reduced catalysts Figure 4 TEM (a) and HRTEM (b) images of fresh Ni/SiO2 Figure 5 Effect of reaction time on the conversion of hydroxyacetone and product selectivities of products at different temperatures (A: 150 °C, 3.5 MPa; B: 200 °C, 3.5 MPa; C, 240 °C, 3.5 MPa) Figure 6 Effect of reaction time on the conversion of furfural and the selectivities of products at different temperature (A: 150 °C, 3.5 MPa; B: 200 °C, 3.5 MPa) Figure 7 Effect of reaction time on the conversion of phenol and the selectivities of products at different temperature (A: 150 °C, 3.5 MPa; B: 200 °C, 3.5 MPa; C: 250 °C, 3.5 MPa) Figure 8 Effects of temperature on the conversion and product selectivities (A: hydroxyacetone, 3.5 MPa, 1 h; B: furfural, 3.5 MPa, 1 h; C: phenol, 3.5 MPa, 1h) Figure 9 Effect of pressure on the conversion and product selectivity (A: hydroxyacetone, 150 °C, 1 h; B: furfural, 150 °C, 1 h; C: phenol, 150 °C, 1 h) Figure 10 Effect of reaction temperature on the conversion of furfural, hydroxyacetone and phenol during the hydrotreatment of mixed (A) and single (B) model compounds (1 h, 3.5 MPa) Figure 11 Effect of reaction time on the conversion of furfuryl, hydroxyacetone and phenol during the hydrotreatment of mixed model conversion (180 °C, 3.5 MPa) Figure 12 TGA curves of fresh and used catalyst in air (A) and N2 (B) atmosphere, and fresh catalyst in air after TGA analysis in N2 (C) Figure 13 UV-Raman spectra of the used catalysts Scheme 1 Reaction pathway of hydroxyacetone during catalytic hydrogenation Scheme 2 Reaction pathway of furfural during catalytic hydrogenation Scheme 3 Reaction pathway of phenol during catalytic hydrogenation
图1 二氧化硅(SiO₂)与镍负载二氧化硅(Ni/SiO₂)的氮气吸附-脱附等温线(N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms,左)及孔径分布(pore distribution,右)曲线;图2 焙烧后催化剂的程序升温还原(Temperature Programmed Reduction,TPR)谱图及其峰拆分结果;图3 焙烧态与还原态催化剂的X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)谱图;图4 新鲜Ni/SiO₂催化剂的透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscopy,TEM)(a)图像与高分辨透射电子显微镜(High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy,HRTEM)(b)图像;图5 不同温度下反应时间对羟基丙酮(hydroxyacetone)转化率及产物选择性的影响(A:150 ℃、3.5 MPa;B:200 ℃、3.5 MPa;C:240 ℃、3.5 MPa);图6 不同温度下反应时间对糠醛(furfural)转化率及产物选择性的影响(A:150 ℃、3.5 MPa;B:200 ℃、3.5 MPa);图7 不同温度下反应时间对苯酚(phenol)转化率及产物选择性的影响(A:150 ℃、3.5 MPa;B:200 ℃、3.5 MPa;C:250 ℃、3.5 MPa);图8 温度对反应物转化率及产物选择性的影响(A:羟基丙酮,3.5 MPa、1 h;B:糠醛,3.5 MPa、1 h;C:苯酚,3.5 MPa、1 h);图9 压力对反应物转化率及产物选择性的影响(A:羟基丙酮,150 ℃、1 h;B:糠醛,150 ℃、1 h;C:苯酚,150 ℃、1 h);图10 混合(A)与单一(B)模型化合物加氢处理(hydrotreatment)过程中,反应温度对糠醛、羟基丙酮及苯酚转化率的影响(反应条件:1 h、3.5 MPa);图11 混合模型化合物加氢处理过程中(反应条件:180 ℃、3.5 MPa),反应时间对糠基(furfuryl)、羟基丙酮及苯酚转化率的影响;图12 新鲜与使用后催化剂在空气(A)及氮气(N₂)氛围下的热重分析(Thermogravimetric Analysis,TGA)曲线,以及经氮气氛围TGA分析后在空气中测试的新鲜催化剂曲线(C);图13 使用后催化剂的紫外拉曼光谱(UV-Raman);方案1 羟基丙酮催化加氢过程的反应路径;方案2 糠醛催化加氢过程的反应路径;方案3 苯酚催化加氢过程的反应路径



