The capacity for adaptation to climate warming in a naturalized annual plant (<i>Brassica rapa</i>)

The persistence of a declining population under environmental change may depend on how fast natural selection restores fitness, a process called “evolutionary rescue”. In turn, evolutionary rescue depends on a population’s adaptive capacity, which can be defined as the ratio between additive genetic variance for fitness (VA(W)) and mean fitness (W-), or represented by ΔevolW-. However, little is known about how both VA(W and (W-) change in wild populations during environmental change, including changes in dominance variance for fitness (VD(W)). We assessed the change in ΔevolW- and VD(W) for a Québec population of wild mustard (Brassica rapa) under climate warming. We also evaluated adaptive constraints that could arise from negative genetic correlations for fitness across environments. We grew a pedigreed population of 7000 plants under ambient and heated (+4°C) temperatures and estimated the change in mean survival and fecundity (W-), VA(W), and VD(W), plus cross-environment genetic c..., , # The capacity for adaptation to climate warming in a naturalized annual plant (*Brassica rapa*) Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5nb](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5nb) Description of the data and file structure **Data files** for \"The capacity for adaptation to climate warming in a naturalized annual plant (*Brassica rapa*)\" **Authors:** Cameron P. So(1,2,3), Sydney Rotman(1), Karl Grieshop (1,4,5), Arthur E. Weis(1,6) **Affiliation:** University of Toronto (1); McGill University (2); Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science (3); Stockholm University (4); University of East Anglia (5); Koffler Scientific Reserve (6); **Corresponding Author:** Cameron P. So ([[e-mail]](mailto:[e-mail])) **Submission Date:** 2025-09-11 **Short summary:** Field experiment carried out at Koffler Scientific Reserve, testing the changes in adaptive capacities for a population of wild mustard when exposed to a warmer climate. All missing data represented as NA....,