Sodium butyrate ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by regulating gut microbiota

We applied sodium butyrate to diabetic mice and observed the changes in diabetic retinopathy. Butyrate alleviated blood glucose, retinal thinning, activated microglial cells, and improved visual function. Additionally, butyrate enhanced the expression of gut tight junction proteins and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis by regulating short-chain fatty acids levels and related microbiota.