Maui Citizen Science Coastal Water Quality Data

A network of citizen science volunteers periodically monitored water quality at several beaches across the island of Maui in the State of Hawaii during the years 2010-2016. This community-based monitoring effort provided valuable data for resource management purposes. Informed volunteer networks can serve as a community's "eyes and ears" and will often provide the first indications of changes to a system. In addition to the value of early detection, it is important to maintain ongoing monitoring efforts to compile data and document resource conditions.

In addition to water temperature, salinity, turbidity (water clarity), and pH, sampling sites were also monitored for harmful bacteria levels of Enterococcus through 2014-06-26. This indicator bacteria has been correlated with the presence of human pathogens (disease-causing organisms) and therefore with human illnesses such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and various infections in epidemiological studies. As such, it is commonly measured in beach water quality monitoring programs. For reference, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1986 Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria recommends that a water quality alert is posted if either: (a.) the latest water sample exceeds 104 CFU/100 mL of Enterococcus, or (b.) the geometric mean of the past 30 days of water samples exceeds 35 CFU/100 mL. One of the limitations of all available and EPA-approved test methods is that the sample must be incubated for about 24 hours.

Data were managed through an online repository, the Coral Reef Monitoring Data Portal (now defunct), developed and coordinated by the Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) and its partners with funding provided by the Hawaii Tourism Authority (HTA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Data collection was coordinated by the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR), the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (HIHWNMS), Aquanimity Now, the Digital Bus, Save Honolua Coalition, Project S.E.A.-Link, and other local organizations and agencies. Data are publicly distributed by the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS).
acknowledgement=The Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) is funded through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). PacIOOS is coordinated by the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). This dataset was managed through an online repository, the Coral Reef Monitoring Data Portal (obsolete), developed and coordinated by the Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) and its partners with funding provided by the Hawaii Tourism Authority (HTA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Data collection was coordinated by the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR), the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (HIHWNMS), Aquanimity Now, the Digital Bus, Save Honolua Coalition, Project S.E.A.-Link, and other local organizations and agencies. Data are publicly distributed by the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS).
cdm_data_type=Point
comment=Only a subset of sampling sites with consistent location names and frequent measurements have been ingested from the Coral Reef Monitoring Data Portal.
Conventions=CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
date_metadata_modified=2021-04-01
defaultDataQuery=&time>=2016-01-01T00:00:00Z&time<=2016-03-20T20:00:00Z
defaultGraphQuery=longitude,latitude,turbidity&time>=2016-01-01T00:00:00Z&.draw=markers
Easternmost_Easting=-156.4375
featureType=Point
geospatial_bounds=POLYGON ((20.5241 -156.7172, 21.0736 -156.7172, 21.0736 -155.9193, 20.5241 -155.9193, 20.5241 -156.7172))
geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326
geospatial_lat_max=20.9995
geospatial_lat_min=20.61845
geospatial_lat_resolution=0.0
geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north
geospatial_lon_max=-156.4375
geospatial_lon_min=-156.6664
geospatial_lon_resolution=0.0
geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east
geospatial_vertical_max=0.0
geospatial_vertical_min=0.0
geospatial_vertical_positive=up
geospatial_vertical_resolution=0.0
geospatial_vertical_units=meters
history=2014-04-10T00:00:00Z PacIOOS begins ingest from Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) Coral Reef Monitoring Data Portal into PacIOOS ERDDAP data server.
2016-03-21T00:00:00Z Project ended.
infoUrl=https://coral.org/maui/
institution=Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
instrument=In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Chemical Meters/Analyzers > > > pH Meters, In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Conductivity Sensors, In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Photon/Optical Detectors > > > Turbidity Meters, In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Samplers > Bottles/Flasks/Jars, In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Temperature/Humidity Sensors > > > Temperature Sensors
instrument_vocabulary=GCMD Instrument Keywords
ISO_Topic_Categories=climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, environment, health, oceans
keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords
locations=Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui
locations_vocabulary=GCMD Location Keywords
metadata_link=https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/maui_water_quality.html
naming_authority=org.pacioos
Northernmost_Northing=20.9995
platform=In Situ Land-based Platforms > Ocean Platform/Ocean Stations > Coastal Stations
platform_vocabulary=GCMD Platform Keywords
processing_level=Some quality control during automated ingest from Coral Reef Monitoring Data Portal to check for reasonable data ranges and units of measure for some measurement variables.
program=Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
project=Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
references=https://coral.org/maui/
source=in situ measurements and water samples
sourceUrl=(source database)
Southernmost_Northing=20.61845
standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v39
subsetVariables=location_id, location_name
time_coverage_end=2016-03-20T20:00:00Z
time_coverage_start=2010-01-29T21:14:00Z
Westernmost_Easting=-156.6664

在2010年至2016年期间，一群公民科学志愿者定期监测夏威夷州茂宜岛数个海滩的水质。这一基于社区的监测活动为资源管理提供了宝贵的数据。信息丰富的志愿者网络可以成为社区的‘耳目’，并常常成为系统变化的最初迹象。除了早期发现的价值外，维持持续的监测工作以汇编数据和记录资源状况也至关重要。除了水温、盐度、浊度（水清澈度）和pH值之外，采样点还监测了至2014年6月26日为止的有害细菌——粪肠球菌的水平。这种指示菌与人类病原体（致病原）的存在相关，因此与流行病学研究中的人类疾病，如胃肠炎、腹泻和多种感染相关。因此，它在海滩水质监测计划中通常被测量。作为参考，美国环境保护署（EPA）1986年的细菌环境水质标准建议，如果以下任一条件满足，则应发布水质警报：（a）最新的水样中粪肠球菌超过每100毫升104个CFU，或（b）过去30天水样的几何平均值超过每100毫升35个CFU。所有可用和经EPA批准的测试方法的一个局限性是，样本必须孵化约24小时。数据通过一个在线存储库——珊瑚礁监测数据门户（现已停用）进行管理，该门户由珊瑚礁联盟（CORAL）及其合作伙伴开发并协调，资金由夏威夷旅游局（HTA）和美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）提供。数据收集由夏威夷水资源部（DAR）、夏威夷群岛座头鲸国家海洋保护区（HIHWNMS）、Aquanimity Now、数字巴士、Save Honolua联盟、S.E.A.-Link项目以及其他当地组织和机构协调。数据由太平洋岛屿海洋观测系统（PacIOOS）公开分发。