Mean values (± SE) of vegetation characteristics of the grazing regimes for each encroachment level in the Yabello and Dire districts of Borana, southern Ethiopia.

* Canopy cover refers to the proportion of the ground area covered by the vertical projection of the tree/shrub/herb canopy.Δ = % canopy cover or density difference between enclosures and open grazing.Low woody encroachment site (LE), moderate woody encroachment site (ME), severe woody encroachment site (SE), highest woody encroachment site (HE). Open = open access grazing land, enclosure = areas of livestock exclosure, reserved for heifers and calves only in the dry season. N = number of plots sampled in each grazing regime.