Seasonal variation in urban pollen resource use by north temperate European honeybees.

Urban green infrastructure has can provide important habitats for pollinators and support urban ecosystem services. Therefore, these areas must be managed to maximize biodiversity and density of pollinating insects. We used DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region of rDNA to study honeybee pollen resource use over time and space in the city of Oslo, Norway, and to assess the role of green infrastructure as a resource for pollinators and the services they generate.