Summary of aster model comparisons to test for effects of population, region and soil and all interactions on C. fasciculata lifetime seedpod production.

The full model included fixed effects for block, region, habitat, population and all interactions, with lifetime seed production, consisting of multiple life history stages (Fig. S1), as the response. The effect of population was tested at multiple life history stages (@seeds, @ pods and early-season survival (@esurv). Likelihood ratio tests were used to compare the fit of the full model to reduced models that sequentially dropped terms. Analysis of deviance (−2 log likelihood) and χ2P-values for each model test are listed. The block and the interaction terms are tested against the full model, while the population, region and soil terms were tested against the model without interactions. Only populations planted at all sites (CRA, GCD, KZA) were included in this analysis.