Fresh stool samples in the morning were subjected to high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA in V3-V4 region.

Fresh fecal samples were collected in the morning from three cohorts:(1) from patients in the study group, both before and after the intervention;(2) from patients in the control group, also both before and after the intervention;and (3) from healthy subjects.Then, the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from all participants' fecal samples was subjected to high-throughput sequencing to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota.