Data underlying the MSc thesis: Development of an enhanced drive train model in HAWC2

The rapid technological progression of wind turbines not only imposes design challenges but also necessitates continuous advancements in modeling approaches, particularly holistic methods capable of accurately capturing turbine coupling effects. A well-established modeling tool in the wind energy sector is the aero-servo-elastic code HAWC2. Although it is widely used to predict the overall turbine response across a broad range of operating conditions, the drivetrain is typically represented as a single beam.In the presented work, a more realistic and comprehensive drive train model was developed in HAWC2 to account for additional flexibility effects associated with increasing turbine dimensions and enable the estimation of the main bearing reaction loads. First, a detailed literature review was conducted to analyze current trends regarding drivetrain technology, essential components, and modeling approaches of modern wind turbine drivetrains.The DTU 10MWRWT and a high-fidelity SIMPACK drivetrain model, developed by researchers from NTNU, were identified as references for the implementation. Additionally, the theoretical foundations of Timoshenko beam elements and multibody formulation used in HAWC2 were studied, as both are essential for constructing a turbine model in HAWC2. In the implementation phase, the overall drivetrain structure and fundamental drivetrain properties, such as the stiffness properties of the main bearings, were extracted from the SIMPACK model and incorporated into HAWC2 through the introduction of additional beam elements. To further increase the fidelity, the first torsional eigenfrequency of the derived structure was tuned to match the dynamics of the reference models. As a final step, the simple HAWC2 drivetrain representation was adjusted to reflect the mass distribution of the developed structure, enabling a direct comparison between the two.The developed model showed strong performance in predicting main bearing loads under steady conditions, thereby achieving a clear improvement in fidelity compared with the original setup. In contrast, reduced agreement was observed for the torque arms response and under turbulent simulations. The study concludes with a critical evaluation of the model, addressing its limitations and outlining potential directions for further accuracy improvements.

风力涡轮机技术的快速迭代演进，不仅带来了设计层面的挑战，更对建模方法提出了持续升级的需求——尤其是能够精准捕捉涡轮机耦合效应的一体化建模方案。风能领域一款成熟的建模工具为气动伺服弹性代码（aero-servo-elastic code）HAWC2。尽管该工具已被广泛用于预测不同运行工况下涡轮机的整体响应，但其传动系统通常仅以单根梁的形式进行建模。本研究在HAWC2中开发了一套更贴合实际、更全面的传动系统模型，以适配涡轮机尺寸不断增大带来的附加柔性效应，并实现主轴承反力载荷的估算。首先，研究团队开展了详尽的文献综述，分析了现代风力涡轮机传动系统的技术趋势、核心组件及建模方法。研究以DTU 10MWRWT模型，以及挪威科技大学（NTNU）研究者开发的高保真SIMPACK传动系统模型作为实现参照。此外，研究还梳理了HAWC2所采用的铁木辛柯梁单元（Timoshenko beam elements）与多体动力学公式（multibody formulation）的理论基础，二者均为HAWC2中构建涡轮机模型的核心要素。在实现阶段，研究团队从SIMPACK模型中提取了完整的传动系统结构与核心特性参数，如主轴承刚度特性，并通过新增梁单元将其集成至HAWC2中。为进一步提升模型保真度，研究人员对所构建结构的一阶扭转固有频率进行了调谐，使其与参照模型的动力学特性匹配。最后，研究对HAWC2原有简化传动系统建模方式进行调整，使其匹配所开发结构的质量分布，从而实现两种建模方案的直接对比。所开发的模型在稳态工况下的主轴承载荷预测中表现优异，相较于原建模方案，其保真度得到了显著提升。与之相对，在扭矩臂响应预测与湍流工况仿真中，模型的吻合度有所下降。研究最后对该模型展开了批判性评估，阐明了其局限性，并梳理了进一步提升精度的潜在研究方向。