Association of tobacco smoking with risk of cause-specific death by study populations in Asia.

aNumber of deaths among ever-smokers/never-smokers are presented.bHRs estimated for ever-smokers compared with never-smokers and adjusted for age, education, rural/urban residence, marital status, and body mass index; data from participants with Analyses were conducted among those age 45 y or older.cHR not estimated because of small sample size.CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.