FY-3E,RS,ERA5, and FNL Atmospheric Profile Data from September 1, 2022 to August 31, 2023

This study utilizes the FY-3E GNOS II BDS RO, FY-3E GNOS II GPS RO, RS, the ECMWF reanalysis v5 (ERA5), and Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) datasets. These datasets span from 1 September 2022 to 31 August 2023, covering the region of China.ERA5 DATAThe ERA5 is a global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the ECMWF. It provides global atmospheric, land, and ocean climate data from 1979 to the present, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, pressure, precipitation, and so on. It has a horizontal resolution of 0.25°x0.25° and 37 vertical levels (1000 hPa to 1 hPa). This study uses the pressure level, temperature, and specific humidity data from ERA5. These can be downloaded from the website https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu.In this study, ERA5 data are interpolated into the RO location and time in both spatial and temporal dimensionsspace and time.FNL DATAThe FNL data are provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), utilizing the most advanced global data assimilation system and comprehensive database. The FNL data used in this study have a spatial resolution of 1°x1° and a temporal resolution of 6 h, covering a vertical range from 1000 hPa to 10 hPa, and include global atmospheric parameters such as temperature, isobaric surface, and specific humidity. FNL data are spatially interpolated to the RO locations within a temporal window of ±3 h.FNL data can be downloaded from the website https://rda.ucar.edu.Radiosonda DATAThe Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) integrates historical and near-real-time radiosonde and pilot balloon observation data from around the globe. These are distributed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). This study utilizes data from 45 RS stations in China, covering the period from 1 September 2022 to 31 August 2023. This includes meteorological parameters such as station latitude and longitude, pressure, temperature, and dew point temperature. The IGRA2 RS data are provided in a text file format (txt) and can be downloaded from the website https://www.ncei.noaa.gov.FY-3E GNOS II RO DATAThe FY-3E GNOS II RO data utilized in this study are provided by the National Satellite Meteorological Centre (NSMC), China Meteorological Administration (CMA)of China. Launched on 5 July 2021, FY-3E is the world’s first civil meteorological satellite in an early morning orbit. Using initial data provided by the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced SystemCMA Global Forecast System (CMA-GFS), the temperature and specific humidity under moist air conditions are inverted through a one-dimensional variational process. The neutral atmospheric profiles from this satellite are primarily stored in the Dry Atmospheric Profile (ATP) and Wet Atmospheric Profile (WAP). This study analyzes the error variances inerror variances of FY-3E GNOS II RO data using the RO event time and spatial information, temperature, pressure, and specific humidity data obtained from the WAP files, covering the period from 1 September 2022 to 31 August 2023. These data can be accessed via the website http://data.nsmc.org.cn.