Annual nested multi-regional input-output tables resolving the United States by state from 1997 to 2022

Twenty-six annual nested multi-regional input–output (MRIO) tables, one per year from 1997 to 2022, in which the United States is resolved into its fifty states and the District of Columbia while the rest of the world is retained at country resolution. Each table covers 131 regions (80 foreign economies + 51 US regions) across a 37-sector classification shared by all regions, in millions of current US dollars, at basic prices. Individual US states therefore appear in the same table as national economies, so that a disturbance localised in one state can be propagated through domestic and global supply chains without first being converted into a country-wide equivalent. Files nested_mriot_YYYY.parquet — 26 files, 1997–2022, one table per year, Apache Parquet, about 125 MB each. MANIFEST.txt — inventory of the deposit. README.md — file layout, label conventions, units and reading instructions. checksums.sha256 — digests for every file. Layout of each file Every year has the identical layout, 4,850 × 5,634, so the series can be stacked without further harmonisation: 4,847 sector rows (131 regions × 37 sectors), plus three accounting rows: OUT (gross output), TLS (taxes less subsidies on products) and VA (gross value added, including other taxes on production); 4,847 sector columns on the same index, 786 final-demand columns (131 regions × 6 categories) and one output column. Labels follow region_sector and region_category, where the region field is a three-letter ISO 3166 code for foreign economies and a two-letter USPS code for the fifty states and the District of Columbia. How the tables were built Bilateral state-to-state flows, which the sub-national US accounts do not record, are reconstructed from the WiNDC v4.1 national pool marginals with a two-layer (trade and margin) doubly constrained gravity model calibrated by iterative proportional fitting on GDP-weighted economic centroids. The resulting intra-US table is harmonised onto the United States block of the OECD ICIO table (2025 edition), and the international flows are split across states by sector-specific production shares from BEA table SAGDP2. Final demand is allocated to its destination state by category. Each state column is then closed through the value-added row. Properties enforced on every delivered file Summing the 51 state rows and columns reproduces the row and column totals of the US block of the source table, and all of its flows to and from the rest of the world, exactly. Every cell that does not involve the United States is carried over bit for bit. State rows and columns balance to machine precision; world rows and columns balance at the residual level inherited from the published OECD source. Known limitations The bilateral structure inside the United States is a gravity-based estimate, not an observation: it ranks state-pair flows well (Spearman 0.90 against the 2017 Commodity Flow Survey and FAF5) but recovers the identity of a state's single largest partner about two times in five, over-stating trade with the nearest large economy. International trade carries no state-specific orientation. The product-tax row follows the OECD convention and is a modelling convention rather than an observation; it can be slightly negative on a small number of columns. Government final demand is the weakest of the three final-demand categories. All of this is quantified in the accompanying data descriptor. Code The full reconstruction pipeline is open and versioned.Repository: github.com/Climate-Energy-and-Risk-Analytics-Lab/Annual-nested-multi-regional-input-output-tablesArchived release: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21709623 Third-party sources (not redistributed here) WiNDC national and state accounts, v4.1: old.windc.wisc.edu OECD Inter-Country Input-Output tables, 2025 edition: oe.cd/icio BEA Regional Economic Accounts, table SAGDP2: apps.bea.gov/regional Citation Laroui, S. & Miura, Y. (2026). Annual nested multi-regional input-output tables resolving the United States by state from 1997 to 2022 [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21709830 Please also cite the accompanying data descriptor once published. Released under CC BY 4.0.