Interplay of trophic relaxation and directional selection shapes eco-evolutionary responses to selective harvest in predator-prey systems

Fisheries-Induced Evolution (FIE) describes the evolutionary changes in life-history traits exhibited by target species in response to selective fishing pressures. Current studies predominantly focus on single-species contexts, often assuming stationary natural selection and neglecting the impact of interacting species. In this study, using an eco-evolutionary predator-prey model, we demonstrate that the presence of interacting species can fundamentally modify, or even reverse, the evolutionary responses of target species to fisheries. Specifically, we show that target species can evolve to exhibit larger body sizes, even when fisheries preferentially target large individuals. A novel mechanism is proposed to elucidate this counterintuitive outcome. Fisheries influence the evolutionary adaptation of target species through both direct and indirect pathways. The direct pathway, termed “directional selection”, occurs when fisheries selectively target individuals with specific characteristi..., In this study, we create an eco-evolutionary predator-prey system with mathematical analysis to investigate the evolutionary responses of target species to selective harvesting under the influence of non-target species.
Here, we provide our simulation code, written with R, and simulation data. With the code and data, our result can be reproduced., , # Data from: Interplay of trophic relaxation and directional selection shapes eco-evolutionary responses to selective harvest in predator-prey systems

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnq6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnq6)

## Description of the data and file structure

We supply an R script (\"Simulation code.R\") and four xlsx files containing simulation data for Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5.

### Files and variables

#### File: Trophic_relaxation_(Figure_2).xlsx

**Description:** These files provide the population densities (x, y) and body sizes (u, v) at the final equilibrium state under the influence of trophic relaxation (de).

##### Variables:

The columns \"x1\", \"y1\", \"u1\", and \"v1\" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the predator-targeted scenarios.

The columns \"x2\", \"y2\", \"u2\", and \"v2\" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the prey-harvested scenarios.

#### File: Directional_selection_(Figure_3).xlsx

**Description:** This file provides the ...,