Returns on capital of leading European banks 2021, by market capitalization

Return on capital (ROC) is used by financial companies such as banks not only as a measurement of profitability, but as an indication of the banks' ability to create value on the amount invested by the shareholders. Sberbank was the European bank with the highest ROC in 2021, based on a ranking of the largest European banks in terms of market capitalization. Pre-tax profit Pre-tax profit displays the amount profit a company has made before paying corporate income taxes. Essentially, it is the calculation of deducting all expenses from revenue except taxes. As of 2021, HSBC had the highest amount of pre-tax profit of any bank in Europe with almost 19 billion U.S dollars. Other measurements of a banks size Another way in measuring a bank's strength, size and health is through its total assets. Total assets are one of the main measures of a bank's prosperity and is defined as all assets owned by a bank. This includes, but is not limited to; cash and balances, loans and advances to banks and customers, as well as debt securities. Europe’s largest bank in 2021 had almost three trillion euros in total assets. Another measure is market capitalization, which is a measure where a company’s size is calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding shares by the cost of one share. Market Capitalization is an important metric for investors as it is simple to calculate and is also a good indicator for risk-assessment.

资本回报率（ROC）被金融机构，如银行，不仅用作盈利能力的衡量标准，而且作为银行创造股东投资价值能力的指示。根据2021年对市值最大的欧洲银行的排名，Sberbank是欧洲资本回报率最高的银行。税前利润则展示了公司在支付公司所得税之前的利润总额。本质上，它是从收入中扣除所有费用（除税收外）的计算。截至2021年，汇丰银行在欧洲的税前利润最高，接近190亿美元。衡量银行规模的其它指标衡量银行实力、规模和健康状况的另一种方式是通过其总资产。总资产是衡量银行繁荣的主要指标之一，定义为银行拥有的所有资产，包括但不限于现金和余额、对银行和客户的贷款及预付款，以及债务证券。2021年欧洲最大的银行总资产接近三万亿欧元。另一个衡量指标是市值，它通过将流通股数量乘以每股成本来计算公司的规模。市值对于投资者来说是一个重要的指标，因为它易于计算，同时也是风险评估的良好指示器。