Dissecting the dynamic changes of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in T cell development and differentiation [ChIP-Seq]

The discovery of TET proteins, enzymes that oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA, has revealed novel mechanisms for the regulation of DNA methylation. We have mapped 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at different stages of T cell development in the thymus and T cell differentiation in the periphery. We show that 5hmC is enriched in the gene body of highly expressed genes at all developmental stages, and that its presence correlates positively with gene expression. Further emphasizing the connection with gene expression, we find that 5hmC is enriched in active thymus-specific enhancers, and that genes encoding key transcriptional regulators display high intragenic 5hmC levels in precursor cells at those developmental stages where they exert a positive effect. Our data constitute a valuable resource that will facilitate detailed analysis of the role of 5hmC in T cell development and differentiation. Examine the distribution of the H3K27Ac in DP T cells. The presence of H3K27Ac in enhancers enable us to distinguish poised(H3Kme1 enriched, but devoid of H3K27Ac) versus active enhancers (enriched for H3K4me1 and H3K27Ac).