Percutaneous nephrostomy clinical features dataset

To evaluate medical decisions regarding urinary tract infection (UTI), describe associated microorganisms, and assess potential risk factors for percutaneous nephrostomy-related UTI (UTI-PN) this retrospective cohort was designed.
Patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) were included. We assessed percutaneous nephrostomy procedure-related UTI (UTI-PNp) and percutaneous nephrostomy catheter-related UTI (UTI-PNc).
A total of 734 PN procedures were performed (45.4% first catheter placement, 54.6% catheter replacement). Fever was the primary clinical indicator guiding treatment decisions for both UTI-PNp (43.3%; 26/60) and UTI-PNc (44.6%; 99/222). Leukocyturia, either alone or combined with turbid urine, foul-smelling urine, or leukocytosis, influenced treatment decisions in 5.0% (3/60) of UTI-PNp cases and 17.1% (38/222) of UTI-PNc cases. No risk factors were identified for UTI-PNp; however, the time until urinary obstruction resolution via PN and first PN placement increased the odds of developing UTI-PNc. Among urine cultures, 74.7% (121/162) from cases with zero to two antibiotic use episodes showed multidrug-resistant bacteria, compared to 25.3% (41/162) in cases with three to six episodes (P<0.001).
Achieving an accurate infection diagnosis is of paramount importance to mitigate multidrug-resistant bacteria prevalence.