Environmental and habitat data of Great Slaty Woodpecker in Western Nepal

The Great Slaty Woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverulentus) has experienced a
rapid population decline due to the loss of primary forest habitats across
its range. Despite being classified as globally Vulnerable, detailed
information regarding its status and distribution is largely insufficient
and outdated. To address this, we conducted surveys from 2019 to 2021 in
the western Terai Arc Landscape of Nepal, covering 29 transects, each 5
kilometers long, to estimate the present population status, nature of
excavated cavities, and overall distribution of the species in Nepal. We
measured the diameter at breast height (DBH) within 15 meter circular
plots at each woodpecker sighting location to explore the relationship
between tree diameter and woodpecker presence. Additionally, we modeled
the potential distribution of the Great Slaty Woodpecker across Nepal
using available occurrence points. A total of 81 individuals were recorded
across 14 transects, with 66 individuals within protected areas and 15
outside. Our finding demonstrated a direct correlation between tree DBH
and woodpecker presence, indicating that large trees are critical for the
species, with an average DBH of 61.26 cm for trees where woodpeckers
excavated cavities. Furthermore, we found that the total suitable habitat
for the species in Nepal is approximately 6,738 km², with a significant
portion located outside protected areas. The habitat in community forests,
outside protected areas is particularly vulnerable to selective logging,
posing a threat to the species. Therefore, further studies on the impact
of logging on the Great Slaty Woodpecker are essential for effective
conservation strategies.