Spinacia oleracea Raw sequence reads. Spinacia oleracea

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance plant stress resistance, yield, and quality. Nano-seed soaking treatment technology is simple to operate, low cost, and environmentally friendly, making it highly potential in promoting sustainable agricultural development. It is an effective way to improve crop salt tolerance. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are widely used in industrial production and processing due to their free radical scavenging ability and enzyme-like antioxidant properties, which have the potential to promote plant growth and enhance stress resistance.