ARRIVE checklist for "Soy Extract as a Potent Inhibitor of DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer in Rats: Insights into Immunological Responses, Tumor Metrics, Cell Proliferation, and Angiogenesis"

Several medical therapies utilizing natural substances have been extensively studied as prospective therapy solutions for individuals with breast cancer. Further research is required to investigate the impact of soy extract on breast cancer rat models in living organisms. The objective of this study is to investigate the suppressive impact of soybean extract on tumor size and volume, histological characteristics, and the production of Ki-67, VEGF, IL-2, and IFN-γ in rat with breast cancer generated by DMBA. A group of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 5 groups. The body weight of the rat was measured twice a week, along with assessments of tumor mass and volume. IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were measured by collecting blood samples using the sandwich ELISA technique. The histological profile of rat breast tumor tissue was evaluated using H&E staining, while the expression of Ki-67 and VEGF proteins was analyzed using the IHC technique. Soybean extract consists of many bioactive constituents, including 24 compounds belonging to the isoflavone category, 11 saponins, and 1 peptide. Rat exposed to DMBA exhibited effective development of breast cancer. The histopathological examination and CPI revealed elevated mitotic activity, presence of pleomorphic cell nuclei, and epithelial injury, along with positive expression of Ki-67 and VEGF proteins. Administering soybean extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg can enhance the immunological response, enhance the histopathological profile, and inhibit the expression of Ki-67 and VEGF proteins. The usage of soybean extract can hinder the growth of rat breast cancer produced by DMBA by enhancing the immune response, enhancing the histopathological profile, and reducing the expression of Ki-67 and VEGF proteins.