Dataset on the changes in the gut microbiome and host metabolism in diabetic mice after transplantation of faecal microbiota from healthy young mice

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming as a promising area of interest for treating refractory diseases, but its efficacy in diabetic cognitive decline remains unclear and the potential mechanisms are even unknown. Herein we transplanted faecal microbiota from healthy young mice to streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) mice with a 30-week history of diabetes and investigated their cognitive changes using the Morris water maze test and its possible mechanisms. In order to examine the gut microbial changes, we used a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach to analyze the gut microbiome in feces of healthy control (CON) mice, type 1 diabetic (T1D) mice, and T1D mice with faecal microbiota transplantation from healthy young mice (FMT). Additionally, to study antibiotic effect on host metabolism, a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to analyze metabolic changes in feces, colonic tissues, serum, and hippocampus.