Life history traits and developmental duration of Telchinia issoria (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae)

Telchinia issoria, native to continental Asia and Southeast Asia, was later introduced to Africa and has successfully established itself there. Its distinctive morphology makes it a frequent subject in studies of biological mimicry. To systematically characterize its life history, we documented its complete development from egg to adult under con-trolled laboratory conditions, quantifying the total developmental duration and stage-specific survival rates. We then analyzed the relationships between three envi-ronmental factors (temperature, humidity, and light) and the duration of each devel-opmental stage. We found that larval duration was significantly negatively correlated with temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Pupal duration was positively corre-lated with humidity and negatively correlated with light intensity, but was not signif-icantly affected by temperature. Adult lifespan was negatively correlated with both temperature and light intensity. These results delineate the stage-specific environ-mental dependencies of T. issoria and provide a basis for predicting how environmen-tal change may affect insect population dynamics.