Large Ensemble of Global Hydroclimatic Stress and Extreme Indices

This dataset provides a global collection of hydroclimatic stress and climate extreme indices derived from large ensemble simulations of two Earth system models: the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble version 2 (LENS2) and the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2). The dataset includes daily vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI), as well as the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 1-, 3-, and 12-month accumulation timescales. Together, these indices characterize atmospheric moisture demand, drought variability, and hydroclimatic stress relevant to ecosystem impacts, wildfire risk, and climate extremes. In addition to these process-based stress metrics, the dataset also includes a suite of standard ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) threshold- and duration-based extreme indices derived from temperature and precipitation. A description of these indices is provided in the Documentation section. The indices are derived from the 100-member LENS2 ensemble and the 21-member E3SMv2 ensemble, spanning 1850-2100 and covering both the historical period (1850-2014) and the SSP3-7.0 scenario (2015-2100). Both ensembles provide global coverage at approximately 1 x 1.25 degree horizontal resolution in the atmosphere and land components, enabling consistent analysis of hydroclimatic extremes and internal climate variability across past and projected climates.