印度洋-西太平洋海洋动物谱系地理演化格局

印度洋和西太平洋海域, 拥有大量浅海大陆架、边缘海和岛屿, 孕育了全球最丰富的初级生产力和渔业资源, 尤其是作为该区域陆源物质输入、两大洋能量汇聚中心和生物多样性中心的东印度三角, 在全球海洋生物分布和进化中扮演了重要角色。本文结合物理海洋和化学海洋环境, 通过线粒体基因和核基因等分子标记研究结果, 归纳分析了印度洋和西太平洋区域海洋动物谱系生物地理演化格局及其可能的成因。具体结果如下: (1) 雷州半岛-海南岛、冰期暴露的台湾海峡和长江冲淡水等沿岸海区, 阻碍了海洋动物在海区间的扩散, 南海、东海和黄、渤海广布类群, 多由一个星状辐射谱系组成, 种群经历最近的数量扩张和区域扩散, 而仅分布于南海的物种, 一般具有多个深度分歧的遗传谱系, 种群呈现出数量平衡状态.

The Indian Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean, characterized by extensive shallow continental shelves, marginal seas and islands, sustain the world's most abundant primary productivity and fishery resources. Particularly, the East Indian Triangle—serving as the region's hub for terrestrial material input, energy convergence between the two oceans and a biodiversity hotspot—plays a pivotal role in global marine organism distribution and evolution. This study integrates physical and chemical oceanographic environments, and synthesizes research findings using molecular markers including mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes, to comprehensively analyze the phylogenetic biogeographic evolutionary patterns of marine animals in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific region and their potential causative mechanisms. The specific results are as follows: (1) Coastal marine areas such as the Leizhou Peninsula-Hainan Island, the Taiwan Strait exposed during glacial periods, and the Changjiang (Yangtze) River diluted water hinder the dispersal of marine animals among different sea regions. Most taxa widely distributed across the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are composed of a single starburst radiation lineage, with their populations experiencing recent population expansion and regional dispersal. By contrast, species exclusively distributed in the South China Sea generally possess multiple deeply divergent genetic lineages, and their populations maintain stable sizes.