Experimental studies of evolution have increased greatly in recent years, stimulated by the growing power of genomic tools. However, organismal fitness remains the ultimate metric for interpreting the
We study the adaptation dynamics of a maladapted asexual population on rugged fitness landscapes with many local fitness peaks. The distribution of beneficial fitness effects is assumed to belong to o
While there has been extensive interest in how intraspecific trait variation affects ecological processes, outcomes are highly variable even when individuals are identical: some are lucky while others
Here we studied how the distribution of fitness effects changes over 15,000 generations of adaptation in the Lenski's Long-Term Evolution Experiment. We compared the distribution of fitness effects in
aFor each phage, the average of three independent lines ± SEM is shown. bCalculated by subtracting one from the relative fitness and dividing by the number of mutations.
