Effects of spatial representation structure on distance estimation, walking time estimation, and response times.

All of these estimated magnitudes, as well as response times, are significantly smaller when both buildings are on the same sub-map (i.e. on the same representation) compared to when they are not. Data from 380 pairs of buildings were compared (269 across sub-maps, and 111 within sub-map). Apart from the representation-dependent biases, subject estimations were reasonably accurate (correlation of r = 0.40 between estimated and actual Euclidean distance, and r = 0.48 between estimated and actual walking time as calculated by Google Maps).