Basic phenological data and trends on analysed bird species.

Mean first arrival dates differed significantly between rural and urban environments for those species where paired t-test results are shown in bold. Trends in FAD were significant for those species/environments whose F-test results are shown in bold. Trends differed significantly between rural and urban environments for those species whose equality of trend F-test results are shown in bold.
Explanations: numbers of common years in the paired comparison (np), mean first arrival dates (FAD) and standard deviation (SD, days) in rural and urban environments and the comparison of mean FADs using paired t-tests based on np–1 degrees of freedom. Numbers of years of data in the regression of FAD on year for rural (nr) and urban (nu) environments, trends (b, days per annum change) and F-tests based on 1,n–2 degrees of freedom. The equality of trends in rural and urban environments is tested with an F-test based on 1, nr+nu–4 degrees of freedom.