Data from: Genomic tracking of market-derived bull shark fins back to source population of origin

The collection comprises (i) sample metadata for market-derived bull shark fin trimmings collected from retail vendors in Hong Kong SAR (2014–2018), including identifiers and associated provenance/quality metrics used in this study; (ii) raw DArTcap genotypes generated from degraded fin-tissue DNA using a targeted SNP-capture panel (including sex-linked markers); and (iii) an R Markdown workflow that reproduces the main quality control, filtering, and downstream analyses (e.g., SNP/individual filtering, PCA/DAPC visualisation, Bayesian mixed-stock assignment in rubias, and genetic sex assignment). These data were produced to enable transparent, reproducible genomic traceability of processed shark-fin products back to broad source populations, supporting evaluation of supply chains, trade monitoring, and (where relevant) compliance assessment under CITES Appendix II listings. Users can assess whether the collection suits their needs by considering the sampling scope (Hong Kong retail market, 2014–2018; fin trimmings rather than whole fins), the geographic resolution of assignments (ocean-basin/major regional groups defined by the available baseline reference populations), and the data-quality characteristics typical of processed products (variable missingness due to bleaching/drying, and a subset of failed/low-quality libraries). Sex assignment is based on a limited set of X-linked SNPs and should be interpreted cautiously (particularly for potential female-to-male misassignment in low-quality samples). Reference population data used for baseline comparisons are available separately (Dryad link: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qdg).