Data for: Athlete burnout and mental and physical health outcomes: A three-wave longitudinal study
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Abstract for related study (prior to peer review): Burnout is an increasingly prevalent mental health problem in athletes that may also increase the risk for further adverse mental and physical health consequences. However, longitudinal research in this area is scarce. The studies that do exist have yet to test possible reciprocal effects while accounting for the multilevel structure of longitudinal data. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to examine longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between athlete burnout and possible health consequences using, for the first time in sport psychology research, a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model to disaggregate between- and within-person effects. Based on existing literature, we chose to focus on physical symptoms, illness, depressive symptoms, sleep disruptions, and life satisfaction as the health variables of interest. Following a pre-registered protocol with open data, materials, and code, we recruited a sample of 267 competitive athletes who completed measures at three timepoints over six months. At the between-person level, we found athlete burnout to be associated with all examined health consequences. At the within-person level, emotional and physical exhaustion was found to predict increases in depressive symptoms. Sleep disruptions were found to predict increases in devaluation. Life satisfaction was found to predict decreases in total burnout, exhaustion, and reduced sense of accomplishment. The findings provide the strongest evidence to date that athlete burnout increases the risk for further health consequences such as depressive symptoms. Furthermore, reciprocal findings suggest that sleep and satisfaction-based interventions (e.g., sleep hygiene training and positive psychology interventions) may be able to protect against burnout development.
同行评议前的相关研究摘要：职业倦怠（Burnout）是运动员群体中愈发普遍的心理健康问题，且可能进一步增加不良心理与躯体健康后果的发生风险。然而该领域的纵向研究仍较为匮乏，现有相关研究均未在考虑纵向数据多层结构的前提下，检验二者可能存在的互惠效应。为此，本研究旨在探讨运动员职业倦怠与潜在健康后果间的纵向及互惠关系——本研究在运动心理学研究领域首次采用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型（random-intercept cross-lagged panel model），以拆解个体间与个体内效应。基于现有文献，本研究选取躯体症状、患病情况、抑郁症状、睡眠障碍与生活满意度作为核心关注的健康变量。本研究遵循预注册研究方案，开放了全部数据、实验材料与代码，共招募267名竞技运动员，在为期六个月的周期内完成三次测评。在个体间层面，研究发现运动员职业倦怠与所有被考察的健康后果均存在显著关联。在个体内层面，情绪与躯体耗竭可显著预测抑郁症状的升高；睡眠障碍可显著预测价值贬低感的增强；生活满意度则可显著预测总体职业倦怠、情绪与躯体耗竭以及成就感降低程度的下降。本研究结果为迄今最有力的科学证据，证实运动员职业倦怠会提升抑郁症状等后续健康后果的发生风险。此外，本研究的互惠性结果提示，基于睡眠与满意度的干预手段（如睡眠卫生训练与积极心理学干预）或可有效预防职业倦怠的发生与发展。
