Lethal and sub-lethal effects of nanosized titanium dioxide particles on <i>Hydropsyche exocellata</i> Dufour, 1841
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Nanosized titanium dioxide particles (nTiO<sub>2</sub>) are one of the most widely used nanoscale engineered materials. Evidence of the presence of nTiO<sub>2</sub> in freshwater systems has been reported by recent ecotoxicological studies, which indicated the potential toxic effects of nTiO<sub>2</sub> to aquatic organisms. This study aimed at exploring lethal and sub-lethal endpoints of aqueous exposure of the aquatic insect <i>Hydropsyche exocellata</i> Dufour, 1841 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) to nTiO<sub>2</sub> at different concentrations. Abdominal contractions significantly increased with nTiO<sub>2</sub> exposure. Levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) increased with nTiO<sub>2</sub> dose, whereas the opposite was recorded for the antioxidant enzyme catalase activity (CAT). Moreover, the highest exposure (50.0 mg/L) resulted in the highest mortality (56% of mortality two weeks after pulse exposure to nTiO<sub>2</sub>). Overall, our results show that nTiO<sub>2</sub> has potential toxic effects on <i>H. exocellata</i> at concentrations of 50.0 mg/L.
