P- value of associations between allele homozygosity and colony phenotypes.

Percentage of Varroa-infested brood removed was calculated as the % change in Varroa infestation of donor combs. Manipulated brood = brood removed + opened brood;*reproductive foundress mites = produced one or more progeny; viable progeny = with adult male and young daughter.**significant at P P- value of associations between allele homozygosity and colony phenotypes.