Source data for all Figs: Tab A (Fig 1): Histone lysine lactylation in P. falciparum and P. knowlesi.

Uncropped western blot images from the n = 6 replicate experiments quantified in Fig 1, showing ‘Pan Kla’ and histone H4 K12 lactylation, as well as total histone H4 as control. Tab B (Fig 2): Endogenous histone lysine lactylation in P. falciparum. Uncropped western blot images from the n = 2 replicate experiments quantified in Fig 2, showing ‘Pan Kla’ in P. falciparum parasites grown from 1% parasitaemia without media change for 72h in vitro. Tab C (Fig 3): Histone lysine acetylation in P. falciparum. Uncropped western blot images from the n = 6 replicate experiments quantified in Fig 3, showing H3Kac and histone H4Kac, as well as total histone H4 as control. Tab D (Fig 8): Lactate-associated changes of gene expression in P. yoelii (ChIP-qPCR in gene CDS). Source data for experiments quantified in Fig 8, showing lactate concentrations in the host’s blood (mM) and corresponding values for P. yoelii histone KLa enrichment within the coding sequences (CDS) of genes selected for ChIP-qPCR. These values represent KLa enrichment for gene groups whose expression was either regulated or not significantly regulated under increasing host lactate conditions. Tab E (S1 Fig): Correlation between blood lactate and histone lysine lactylation in P. berghei. Uncropped western blot images for the data presented in S1 Fig, showing ‘Pan Kla’ levels in P. berghei exposed to different host lactate concentrations. Total histone H4 is shown as loading control. Tab F (S3 Fig): Histone lysine lactylation validation of mass spectrometry data in P. knowlesi and P. falciparum. Uncropped fluorescent western blot images from the samples used for mass spectrometry, confirming histone quality and detecting ‘Pan Kla’ signals. Total histone H4 is shown as loading control. Tab G (S12 Fig): Lactate-associated changes of gene expression in P. yoelii (ChIP-qPCR in 5’UTR). Source data for experiments quantified in S12 Fig, showing lactate concentrations in the host’s blood (mM) and corresponding values for P. yoelii histone KLa enrichment in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of genes selected for ChIP-qPCR. These values represent KLa enrichment for gene groups whose expression was either regulated or not significantly regulated under increasing host lactate conditions. (XLSX)